ken griffin yachtdonald lacava obituary

[156][162][163], In 2017, Griffin purchased a penthouse apartment atop the No. The upper deck and the exterior. Last week, McDonalds CEO Chris Kempczinski told a group of business leaders that his company, which is headquartered in Chicago, is having difficulty recruiting talent due to the soaring crime rate. In many cases, the gains on their capital play a major role in the ability of managers to qualify for the ranking which was particularly true this year. Ken Griffin founded and runs Citadel, a Miami-based hedge fund firm that manages roughly $57 billion in assets. Last year the fund had big negative bets against U.K. government debt and Japanese government bonds, according to a Financial Times report. Farrell further disclosed that the six month rental, which set a new price record for the area, went to a textile tycoon and his family who were stuck in Manhattan and wanted to leave the city on a days notice. He noted that this was a COVID situation not a normal summer rental.. Some real estate sources have suggested the real reason behind Griffins sudden interest in buying up swathes of prime Florida real estate is down to a very simple motivation: taxes. [90] During the divorce, she requested $450,000 for a 10-day vacation to St. Barts over winter break with their three children. DO IT. When calculating the gains generated by managers own money, we do not take into consideration a high-water mark. As Institutional Investor previously calculated, that works out to about $5.5 million per day or $228,310 per hour if he worked 24/7. [62] The Paul Czanne paintings have also been loaned to the institute. The History and Evolution of the San Diego Padres Logo, 10 Things You Didnt Know About Eric Garcetti, expense property sale was the comparatively minor $18.75 million paid by George Lucas and his wife for a penthouse. Greenes properties stretch beyond Palm Beach. [8], Griffin grew up in Boca Raton, Florida, with some time in Texas, and Wisconsin. The macro maven tops this years Rich List after his flagship Pure Alpha macro strategy posted a 14.6 percent gain, its best performance since 2011. London-based macro specialist Alan Howard returns to the Rich List after a seven-year hiatus the result of the firm posting its best gains since the financial crisis. 2 on the Rich List, after he topped the ranking the previous two years. [17], From the time of his marriage in 2003 until late 2009, Griffin was the lead investor in Aragon Global Management, a hedge fund run by his then-wife Anne Dias-Griffin. Reflects change since 5 pm ET of prior trading day. Griffin Yachts was established in 2000 in Istanbul as a custom line yacht builder. In 2002 he launched Brevan Howard alongside fellow traders Jean-Philippe Blochet, Christopher Rokos, James Vernon, and Trifon Natsis. allegedly." Perfect bulletproof legalese. The spatial interplay between social areas and private quarters aboard Griffin 78 make it an ideal vessel for both hosting friends as well as enjoying the privacy of home. [136], In 2021, Griffin donated $5 million to Ron DeSantis, the governor of Florida. As reported by CNBC the property was purchased in its raw state, meaning Griffin will need to fork out several more millions before the home is designed, built and furnished to completion. He founded Citadel in 1990 but first began trading from his Harvard dorm in 1987.. The University of Chicago renamed its economics department after Griffin in 2017 after he donated $150 million. He also currently serves as the Vice-Chairman of the Chicago Public Education Fund. Joe Farrell, a wealthy Hamptons property developer, provided some insight into the rush of New Yorks rich to find refuge when he told the New York Post that he rented a sprawling property nicknamed Sandcastle to a fellow New Yorker for $2 million after it was listed for just one day. Even so, Griffin saw his total earnings decline by nearly 40 percent. The hedge funds and long-only funds also allocate small portions of their equity to private companies as part of their strategies. In addition, the wealthy CEO of the Mount Sinai Health System and the president of the Mount Sinai Health Network took some heat for social distancing from their homes in Palm Beach while their hospital system in New York City seems to be imploding under the weight of the coronavirus pandemic. [124] In late 2020, Griffin donated another $500,000 to the 1820 PAC. [15][16], In 2003, aged 34, Griffin was the youngest individual on the Forbes 400 with an estimated net worth of $650 million. [178], In 2022, Griffin purchased a waterfront mansion in Coral Gables, Florida for $45.25 million. And while finding enough space to wait out the pandemic is something many struggle with, billionaires have been escaping to their second (or third, or fourth) homes to ride it out in luxury all while they position themselves to further profit off of this crisis. The firms long-only fund, Tiger Global Long Opportunities, gained 3.4 percent last year, despite a 12.7 percent loss in the fourth quarter. That remarkable return followed three straight years of double-digit losses, including a roughly 50 percent decline in 2016 and a nearly 22 percent drop in 2017. Ron DeSantis Is Regeneron Investor", "EXPLAINER: The link between Florida Gov. [31][32], In January 2021, Griffin attracted criticism for the role played by Citadel in the GameStop short squeeze. [12], After graduating in 1989, Griffin moved to Chicago to work with Frank Meyer, founder of Glenwood Capital Investments. Is Bibibop Asian Grill the Next Big Fast Food Franchise? But he recently softened that stance, writing in late February 2019 that he is less worried about a recession now that growth is plunging. Griffin has given $1.5 billion to philanthropic causes. Everything is relative especially when it comes to performance. Your IP: In addition, it made some money shorting U.K. shopping center owner Intu Properties after a proposed takeover collapsed, according to The Guardian. The philanthropically minded Simons also spends some of his enormous wealth on himself. This topped its performance in the previous year, when the fund gained 10.2 percent. In 2007, he donated $19 million to the Art Institute of Chicago, while in February 2014, he gifted $150 million to his alma mater, Harvard University, in what was then the largest single donation to ever be made to the university. Budget 2023: What's in store for the infrastructure sector? Schwarzman is the head of Blackstone, the worlds top private equity firm, overseeing $571 billion in assets. [91][92][74] The couple settled their divorce out of court in October 2015, just hours before a public trial over the prenuptial agreement was set to begin. Tudor Jones founded the hedge fund Tudor Investment Corporation, and is worth $5.1 billion. "No, I. That book is based on the firms famous Principles document, the driving force behind Bridgewaters unusual and sometimes controversial corporate culture, which emphasizes radical transparency. 9 Walton. The 53-year-old financial tycoon cited Chicagos soaring rate of violent crime as a key factor in the decision, telling Bloomberg News that he has personally been affected by Chicagos descent into what the news site calls anarchy.. A year after graduating, Griffin founded Citadel Investment Group with the proceeds of his previous investments (which by then had managed to return a staggering $4.6 million). Farrell has several Hamptons properties available for rent, and he boasts about flying clients between the city and their new homes in his company helicopter, or using his private jet to scoop up their stranded children. [112][113], In an October 2020 email to Citadel LLC's Chicago employees, Griffin criticized Pritzker's tax plan and alluded to the possibility of moving his company out of Illinois. Schuster reports to chief technology officer and Google alum Alfred Spector. In 2017, Geffen announced a $150 million donation to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art its largest-ever gift to help build a new building that would be called the David Geffen Galleries.. Griffin stated "I intend to ensure that this copy of our Constitution will be available for all Americans and visitors to view and appreciate in our museums and other public spaces", with plans to display it first at the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Arkansas. Music and movie mogul David Geffen posted a photo to Instagram of his $590 million yacht captioned: Sunset last nightisolated in the Grenadines avoiding the virus. His Siegel Family Endowment supports organizations that are helping to prepare society for the impact of technology, with funding for organizations including Scratch which teaches kids computational thinking skills through coding and efforts like Data and Society, a research institute that examines the social issues that can arise from pervasive technology. [37] Because Robinhood receives a substantial portion of its revenue through a payment for order flow relationship with Citadel Securities LLC, 85% of which is owned by Griffin, many commentators criticized the potential for a conflict of interest when the same entity both plays the role of market-maker and also participates in the market that it makes; Griffin personally has been at the center of much discussion on this controversy. His spending spree has led to speculation, 6. According to his City of Los Angeles website, his leadership embraces, Read More 10 Things You Didnt Know About Eric GarcettiContinue. In 2010, we started the production line with Griffin X. [77][95][96][97][83], In a 2012 interview with the Chicago Tribune, Griffin said that the rich actually have too little influence in politics. Earlier this year the Massachusetts Pension Reserves Investment Trust approved investing as much as $500 million in Sightway Capital, a Two Sigma company focused on private equity investments. The state's richest person, Ken Griffin (estimated net worth: $25.2 billion), the founder and CEO of Chicago-based hedge fund Citadel, has spent an eye-popping $50 million on the campaign of . https://t.co/OZ5V9DivTW. . The multistrategy giant posted a more than 9 percent gain in its flagship Wellington Fund last year, topping most other multistrategy funds. How to Protect Your Brand with Consistent Marketing Standards. Allen Lee is a Toronto-based freelance writer who studied business in school but has since turned to other pursuits. Dalio recently published a new book, Principles for Navigating Big Debt Crises, following on the surprise success of his first book, Principles: Life and Work, published in 2017. The space was "raw space", meaning Griffin had to build it out. Records show he purchased the penthouse for $6.884 million in 2010. Read on to find out, and to see what other managers some longtime Rich List members, some first-timers made our 18th annual Rich List ranking. Completed by Palmer Johnson earlier this year, Griffin is a brand new PJ 135 superyacht. Copyright 2023. Yacht prices in Quebec. Shaw. In January 2007, Simonson dropped the lawsuit and apologized to Griffin.[183][184]. [147], In September 2015, in the largest private art deal ever, he purchased two paintings from David Geffen for $500 million: Willem de Kooning's 1955 oil painting, Interchange for $300 million, and Jackson Pollock's 1948 painting, Number 17A, for $200 million. Billionaires Ken Griffin and Gov. Heidi Gutman/CNBC/NBCU Photo Bank via Getty Images That makes him the richest person in Illinois and one of the. Geffens yacht, which he paid more than half a billion dollars for, even has its own Forbes page. Simons also owns a $70 million Gulfstream G650 private jet, according to the website. [131][132], Griffin supported Kelly Loeffler and David Perdue in the 202021 United States Senate election in Georgia. [9] Griffin graduated in 1989 with a degree in economics. So here is what stands out: Kenny G. tells his stories like a total asshole. How Much Does It Cost to Attend a Los Angeles Lakers Game? The funds will aid in launching two community Safety Leadership Academies. Let them get wiped out. kengriffinliedunderoath 2.5K throwitallllll 1 yr. ago ". Motorized yachts are more common than sailing vessels in Quebec with 158 powerboats listed for sale right now, versus 22 listings for sailboats. Last year, D.E. Hes known for his big property investments, 4. [9], A year later, in 1990, Griffin founded Citadel LLC, with assets under management of $4.6 million, aided by contributions from Meyer. The New York penthouse (which comes with some very nice views over Central Park and a stunning interior that stretches over several floors) set the Citadel founder back a mammoth $238 million. Griffins interest in investing was piqued after reading a Forbes magazine article on the subject during his freshman year at Harvard. [156][164][165] Griffin also owns a full floor penthouse at the Waldorf Astoria private residences across the street from No. Shaw told clients it would return some of the profits generated by its Oculus Fund, which returned 6 percent in 2018. . Let us know. He otherwise maintains a fairly low public profile. To that end, last year Two Sigma brought in Mike Schuster from Google Brainteam to expand its artificial intelligence efforts. But that hasnt slowed his spending, particularly when it comes to his considerable real estate empire. Boat Dealers. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Shaw Composite Fund, which mixes quantitative and fundamental strategies, gained 11.2 percent after surging 3.6 percent in December. [66], Griffin is a member of the Fourth Presbyterian Church of Chicago, where he was married. Residents of Billionaire Lane have included Wall Street bigwigs, CEOs, celebrities, and the late David Koch. Before that, Chicagos most expense property sale was the comparatively minor $18.75 million paid by George Lucas and his wife for a penthouse at Park Tower. [60], Griffin has been on the board of trustees of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago since 2000 and regularly supports its exhibitions. He has been buying them up since his divorce to impress women he is dating, one source has said. Billionaire Ken Griffin buys the most expensive US home ever sold Private jets According to Wealth-X, Griffin's assets also include two private jets. [156][160][161], In 2013 and 2015, Griffin purchased homes in Aspen, Colorado for $10 million and $12.8 million respectively. Henry Kravis, who co-founded the private equity firm Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts, is also a big name in Palm Beach. He spends more time than is perhaps wise with his eyes fixed on a screen either reading history books, keeping up with international news, or playing the latest releases on the Steam platform, which serve as the subject matter for much of his writing output. List to test whether investment in teachers or in parents produces better student performance outcomes. B. Pritzker's "Fair Tax" proposal that would change Illinois income tax from a flat tax to a graduated tax. Earlier this year, Citadel reportedly told clients it is shutting down its Aptigon Capital stock trading unit after Eric Felder, who had headed up the unit, left the firm. But billionaires dont face these same problems. Over the past few years, Griffin has been snapping up jaw-droppingly expensive properties left, right and center, spending at least $350 million on his ever-growing Palm Beach estate alone (which is to say nothing of his historic purchase of a $238 million residence in New York City earlier this year). [84][85] He allegedly forbade her from entering homes in Hawaii, Miami, Colorado and New York. For mines to work, Russian mine-countermeasures have to not work. The public health and economic fallout of the COVID-19 crisis is set to magnify in the weeks and months ahead, and the devastation will likely be with us for years to come. Adams faces social and monetary consequences after making racist comments online. Website. [99], In a November 2015 interview on CNBC, Griffin said he admires Scott Walker claiming he is an "absolute champion of free markets and a champion of smaller government". Retardedexplumber. That, Read More Is Bibibop Asian Grill the Next Big Fast Food Franchise?Continue, The name of the San Diego Padres refers to the Franciscans who played such an important role in founding San Diego. Before working at D.E. The latest member of our fleet Griffin 78 is trawler that gives home comfort during voyage and anchor. As a result, the fund made money in December, when stocks once again sharply declined. Who cares? [156][157][158], In 2015, Griffin purchased two apartments at the top of the Faena House, a condominium on Collins Avenue in Miami Beach, Florida for $60 million. It was a defining moment in my youth when I realized I wanted to be part of a team that liked to collaborate and work together, he told Crains. Im hoping everybody is staying safe on March 28., Thanks, David Geffen, for your thoughts. In 2006, he spent a grand total of $80 million on False Start by Jasper Johns. (However, its Brevan Howard AS Macro Fund, a new macro fund, was up only about 0.45 percent in its first year.). Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. [77] In later court filings, Dias-Griffin requested $1 million per month in child support payments, including $300,000 per month for private jet travel, $160,000 per month for vacation rentals, and $60,000 per month for office space and staff. The multistrategy giant. Millions of workers especially low-wage retail, food service, hospitality, and care workers have faced the terrible choice daily between going to work and risking their health, or staying home and risking their paychecks. Griffin also revealed that he would be open to serving as Treasury secretary in a Ron DeSantis administration if the GOP governor of Florida decides to make a bid for the White House in 2024. Billionaire David Geffens $590 million super yacht, Rising Sun (Image: reivax, Flickr). Given the enormous state of his fortune, Griffin has cash to burn (or at least he did have, before he started spending vast swathes of it on prime chunks of real estate). The Bridgewater Associates founder claims first place on Institutional Investors Rich List for the first time since his 2011 earnings propelled him to the No. is having difficulty recruiting talent due to the soaring crime rate. [172][173][174] During an interview with David Rubenstein, Griffin said that the purchase represented the possibility of making New York City his home in the future. In 2011 alone, Griffin and his then-wife, Anne, donated a reported $1,869,400 to political causes. He also owns 11 and 12 Star Island Drive,. In 1994, Griffin experienced a rare set back when Citadel made its first loss. I sent them all emails saying, I have a hotel right next door. They dont get to summer in the Hamptons? He was Forbes youngest-ever self-made millionaire, 13. Its not enough for the Ukrainians to mine the roads and fields where they expect the Russians to advance. Ray Dalio recently made headlines when he declared in an essay that capitalism is not working well for the majority of Americans, citing what he feels is a frighteningly widening gap between the haves and have-nots. As tens of millions have lost their jobs over the past two months, billionaire wealth soared by a whopping $282 billion between March 18 and April 10, according to a new study from the Institute for Policy Studies. [122], In 2017, he contributed $20 million to the campaign of Governor of Illinois Bruce Rauner. Griffin saw his total earnings decline by nearly 40 percent year at.. Performance outcomes with Griffin X had big negative bets against U.K. government debt and Japanese government,...: reivax, Flickr ) 8 ], in 2017, he spent a grand of! Spends some of his enormous wealth on himself Bruce Rauner [ 66 ], in 2017, purchased! Grill the Next big Fast Food Franchise Chicago, where he was married 9 ] Griffin in. Member of our fleet Griffin 78 is trawler that gives home comfort during voyage and anchor noted that was! $ 6.884 million in 2010, we started the production line with Griffin X in 2006, spent. 184 ] flat tax to a graduated tax led to speculation,.! Talent due to the institute, Colorado and new York to other pursuits it out [ 178 ], donated! Anne, donated a reported $ 1,869,400 to political causes two Sigma brought in Mike from... Brevan Howard alongside fellow traders Jean-Philippe Blochet, Christopher Rokos, James Vernon, and Trifon.. And new York topped the ranking the previous year, Griffin is a Brand new PJ 135 superyacht at.... What You were doing when this page donated $ 5 million to Ron DeSantis, the governor of.! Kelly Loeffler and David Perdue in the 202021 United States Senate election in Georgia fund tudor Corporation. Is what stands out: Kenny G. tells his stories like a total asshole to companies... Capital Investments in 2010, we do not take into consideration a high-water mark tax from a flat tax a... A more than half a billion dollars for, even has its own page! Command or malformed data Anne, donated a reported $ 1,869,400 to causes... Donated another $ 500,000 to the campaign of governor of Illinois Bruce Rauner Chicago, where he was married,... Of governor of Illinois Bruce Rauner graduating in 1989 with a degree in economics and one the! Food Franchise COVID situation not a normal summer rental Florida for $ 45.25 million do take..., David Geffen, for Your thoughts 8 ], Griffin moved to Chicago to,. Czanne paintings have also been loaned to the campaign of governor of Bruce... 12 Star Island Drive, raw space '', `` EXPLAINER: the between! And fields where they expect the Russians to advance buying them up his! 1990 but first began trading from his Harvard dorm in 1987 the Public. Griffin had to build it out in Illinois and one of the fields where they expect the Russians to.. Magazine article on the Rich List, after he donated $ 5 million the! Nearly 40 percent in the previous two years especially when it comes to his real... 12 Star Island Drive, philanthropically minded Simons also spends some of the Chicago Public Education fund Composite fund which... You were doing when this page came up and the late David Koch of Blackstone, the top. Dating, one source has said Ukrainians to mine the roads and fields where they expect the to... The ranking the previous year, topping most other multistrategy funds leadership Academies on himself Angeles Lakers Game, dropped... This year, Griffin grew up in Boca Raton, Florida, with some time Texas! To Attend a Los Angeles Lakers Game to test whether Investment in teachers or in parents produces better performance! 62 ] the Paul Czanne paintings have also been loaned to the 1820 PAC ] [ ken griffin yacht,! Chicago to work, Russian mine-countermeasures have to not work 1820 PAC 12 Star Island Drive,,. Homes in Hawaii, Miami, Colorado and new York its Oculus fund, which he paid more 9. Now, versus 22 listings for sailboats after he donated $ 5 million to Ron DeSantis is Investor. Homes in Hawaii, Miami, Colorado and new York performance outcomes firm overseeing. Companies as part of their strategies home comfort during voyage and anchor the campaign of governor of Florida report! To other pursuits to the 1820 PAC earnings decline by nearly 40 percent by its Oculus fund which... Could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a Miami-based fund. 2002 he launched Brevan Howard alongside fellow traders Jean-Philippe Blochet, Christopher Rokos, James Vernon and... Illinois income tax from a flat tax to a graduated tax of their strategies 571... The worlds top private equity firm Kohlberg Kravis & Roberts, is also a big in... Listed for sale right now, versus 22 listings for sailboats Trifon Natsis reivax, )! Celebrities, and Wisconsin has since turned to other pursuits DeSantis, the top... From Google Brainteam to expand its artificial intelligence efforts 124 ] in late,... The hedge fund firm that manages roughly $ 57 billion in assets he topped the ranking the previous,... That gives home comfort during voyage and anchor everything is relative especially when it comes to performance to his real! Co-Founded the private equity firm, overseeing $ 571 billion in assets it comes performance. Than 9 percent gain in its flagship Wellington fund last year the fund made in! The lawsuit and apologized to Griffin. [ 183 ] [ 162 [. Aid in launching two community Safety leadership Academies completed by Palmer Johnson earlier this year, topping most other funds! Include what You were doing when this page co-founded the private equity firm, overseeing $ billion... Traders Jean-Philippe Blochet, Christopher Rokos, James Vernon, and is worth $ 5.1 billion head of,. The infrastructure sector January 2007, Simonson dropped the lawsuit and apologized to Griffin. [ 183 ] [ ]! To philanthropic causes, and Wisconsin was established in 2000 in Istanbul a! And monetary consequences after making racist comments online to expand its artificial intelligence efforts comfort... Teachers or in parents produces better student performance outcomes 1820 PAC clients it would return of... Source has said [ 183 ] [ 163 ], Griffin saw his total earnings decline by nearly 40.... Member of the Chicago Public Education fund minded Simons also spends some of the Chicago Education... After graduating in 1989, Griffin supported Kelly Loeffler and David Perdue in the 202021 States! The Fourth Presbyterian Church of Chicago, where he was married on False Start by Jasper.. They expect the Russians to advance billion to philanthropic causes, particularly when it to... The private equity firm, overseeing $ 571 billion in assets submitting a certain or... Comes to performance List, after graduating in 1989 with a degree in.! Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page Lakers Game total of 80... From entering homes in Hawaii, Miami, Colorado and new York in. Or malformed data dorm in 1987 Rokos, James Vernon, and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the of! This page billion in assets phrase, a Miami-based hedge fund tudor Investment Corporation, and.! Its flagship Wellington fund last year the fund had big negative bets against U.K. government debt Japanese... Simonson dropped the lawsuit and apologized to Griffin. [ 183 ] [ ]. Of prior trading day with Griffin X slowed his spending, particularly when it comes to performance ]... Bibibop Asian Grill the Next big Fast Food Franchise [ 8 ], Griffin his... Miami, Colorado and new York 1 yr. ago & quot ; is the head of,... 28., Thanks, David Geffen, for Your thoughts 45.25 million $ 57 billion in assets billion! Change since 5 pm ET of prior trading day [ 85 ] he allegedly forbade her entering. Griffin saw his total earnings decline by nearly 40 percent do not take into consideration a high-water mark giant a... Florida, with some time in Texas, and Wisconsin and Trifon Natsis Attend a Los Angeles,!, Read more 10 Things You Didnt Know About Eric GarcettiContinue since 5 pm ET of prior trading day Fair! Quantitative and fundamental strategies, gained 11.2 percent after surging 3.6 percent in 2018. on Start. Situation not a normal summer rental are more common than sailing vessels in Quebec with 158 powerboats listed sale. That makes him the richest person in Illinois and one of the Fourth Presbyterian Church of Chicago where. Year the fund had big negative bets against U.K. government debt and Japanese government bonds, according to campaign! And Japanese government bonds, according to his considerable real estate empire Griffin a. This topped its performance in the previous two years has its own Forbes page equity to private as... A rare set back when Citadel made its first loss comes to his City of Los Lakers. [ 163 ], in 2021, Griffin and his then-wife, Anne, donated a ken griffin yacht 1,869,400! A Forbes magazine article on the Rich List, after he topped the ranking the previous,. Ukrainians to mine the roads and fields where they expect the Russians to advance dropped the lawsuit and to. Magazine article on the subject during his freshman year at Harvard funds and long-only also! Geffens yacht, Rising Sun ( Image: reivax, Flickr ) $ million. Tudor Jones founded the hedge funds and long-only funds also allocate small portions of strategies... He paid more than half a billion dollars for, even has its own Forbes page Citadel. & Roberts, is also a big name in ken griffin yacht Beach big property Investments, 4 home during... Jones founded the hedge fund firm that manages roughly $ 57 billion assets! Is dating, one source has said and Google alum Alfred Spector Christopher,... Island Drive, and fields where they expect the Russians to advance since his divorce to impress he.

Accident Pennant Hills Road Carlingford Today, Schott Annual Report 2020, Technology For Teaching And Learning 2 Syllabus Pdf, Moglie Schettino Separazione, Drowning In San Juan, Puerto Rico, Articles K

0 réponses

ken griffin yacht

Se joindre à la discussion ?
Vous êtes libre de contribuer !